S. Vishnu Sharma
IIT Guwahati researchers have developed a new approach to assist the municipal corporations to manage organic waste.
The researchers are from Waste Management Research Group (WMRG) at IIT Guwahati and were led by Prof. Ajay S. Kalamdhad.
The approach is a novel two-stage biodegradation technique combines Rotary Drum Composting with Vermicomposting (RDVC).
This resulted in an efficient and environmentally friendly process and enables municipal corporations to derive value-added products from organic waste, say IIT Guwahati researchers.
This technique was also used to produce nutrient-rich soil conditioner from invasive aquatic weeds like the Water hyacinth, say sources from IIT Guwahati.
Solid Waste
Municipal solid waste deposited in open dumpsites often contains over 50% organic material, generating substantial heat due to long-term decomposition, say sources from IIT Guwahati.
This not only poses environmental challenges but also hinders the achievement of sustainable development goals.
Compared to other waste biodegradation techniques that require 2-3 months, Rotary Drum Composting (RDC) can convert diverse organic feedstocks into nutrient-dense compost within just 20 days and significantly reduce the municipal waste volume by 60-70%.
However, the limitation of RDC is inferior compost quality. Vermicomposting is a superior biodegradation process that traditionally requires a minimum of 60 days, making the process less adaptable for urban municipal corporations, say sources from IIT Guwahati.
Benefits
Clubbing the benefits of both these processes WMRG, IIT Guwahati has developed a unique strategy of two-stage biodegradation.
Speaking about the novel technique Prof. Ajay S. Kalamdhad, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Guwahati said they have optimized the Rotary Drum Composting technique and combined it with vermicomposting to reduce the duration of biodegradation.
The earthworms, Eisenia fetida, can acclimatise faster to partially degraded organic matter from the drum compost and produce vermicompost in just 27 days, said Prof Ajay of IIT Guwahati.
Metagenomic Analysis
The microbial composition of the compost was identified with metagenomic analysis. The final product was proven to be non-toxic and safe to be used as a nutrient-rich soil conditioner from waste (4.2% total nitrogen).
Verification
The experimental verification of this combined technique was conducted both in the laboratory and on a large scale at the Solid Waste Laboratory of IIT Guwahati.
A 5000-litre RDC unit and a 3000-litre stack vermicomposting unit were established to study the large-scale effect of the process, with the moisture content controlled using horticulture waste collected on campus.
Application
Speaking about its application Prof Ajay S. Kalamdhad said this proven technique not only handles sizable quantities of organic waste but also offers immediate application feasibility for Municipal Corporations, Industries, Sewage treatment facilities, aquatic weeds and various organic waste management sectors.
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The scaled-up process successfully produced 100 to 150 kg of vermicompost within a month from 250 to 300 kg of daily waste fed. The increased earthworm count resulted in the secondary end product being the earthworm itself.
Findings
The findings of the study have been published in multiple research papers in Journal of Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, Journal of Environmental Management, Bioresource Technology and Waste Management among others. They have bee co-authored by Mr Suryateja Pottipati and Prof Ajay S. Kalamdhad.
Innovative process
The innovative process introduced by the Waste Management Research Group at IIT Guwahati has the potential to reshape organic waste treatment facilities globally, providing an environmentally compatible solution to mitigate contamination hazards and produce an outstanding soil conditioner.
End User
To reach the end user of the organic bioproducts, this novel two stage composting technology has been transferred to The Apshisht Management and Environmental Research Pvt. Ltd. (AMER technologies), a company based in IIT Guwahati incubation center and the product is being produced on a large scale.
The produced product has been marketed as Mati Dhan Organic Vermicompost Fertilizer Manure for Plants on Amazon and INDIAMART.